Case Sharing-Chronic Enteritis in Canines and Felines
发布时间：2023-09-05
Chronic enteritis is a kind of intestinal disease that dogs and cats often encounter. It leaves the intestinal wall in a state of inflammation for a long time, affecting the cat's appetite, nutrient absorption and defecation. If left untreated, it will weaken the cat's body and reduce its quality of life.
There are many potential causes of chronic enteritis. One of the most common causes is food allergy, in which cats and dogs are allergic to certain food proteins or grains, causing chronic inflammatory reactions and damage to the intestinal mucosa. Gastrointestinal infections are also an important cause, with Helicobacter pylori being one of the most common causative organisms.
Helicobacter pylori
H. pylori adheres to the surface of the intestinal mucosa, produces inflammatory toxins such as lipopolysaccharide, and stimulates immune cells to aggregate and release inflammatory cytokines, thus leading to inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. If H. pylori is not completely eliminated, the inflammatory response may continue to activate, resulting in chronic enteritis. In addition, H. pylori can cause serious harm to the human body, including gastrointestinal inflammation, gastric and duodenal ulcers, increasing the risk of gastric cancer, affecting the digestion and absorption of food, and leading to malnutrition and other symptoms.
In addition, intestinal flora imbalance and the increase of pathogenic bacteria can also damage the intestinal barrier and stimulate the body to produce an inflammatory response. Autoimmune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease can also cause chronic enteritis.
Chronic enteritis can lead to a variety of digestive symptoms. The most typical symptom is recurrent diarrhoea, with a marked increase in the number of bowel movements, which may reach 5-10 times a day. The stools are usually thin or watery in texture, and in severe cases may be completely liquid. The stools may contain a large amount of mucus, and the increased amount of mucus is characteristic of enterocolitis. In some cases, red blood or dark red blood may be seen in the stool, indicating bleeding from the intestinal mucosa. Stools with yellowish-green pus may also be present, suggesting an infection in the intestines. The odour of the stool may also be very foul. In addition to diarrhoea, chronic enteritis may cause other symptoms such as vomiting and weight loss. A combination of symptoms and signs will confirm the diagnosis.
First of all, the doctor will ask the patient's medical history in detail, including diarrhoea, vomiting and other symptoms, in order to exclude the possibility of acute enteritis. Secondly, physiological examination will be conducted to observe the patient's nutritional status and whether there is pressure and pain in the abdomen. Furthermore, haematological examination is performed to determine whether there is anaemia and inflammatory reaction. Then, a faecal examination is performed to look for pathogens. In addition, imaging studies are needed to determine the extent of bowel segment involvement. The final step is the crucial endoscopic examination, where damage to the intestinal mucosa is directly observed and a pathological biopsy sample is taken. The combination of all these tests confirms the diagnosis of chronic enteritis.
The treatment of chronic enteritis requires a combination of symptomatic therapy, elimination of causative factors, nutritional support, anti-inflammatory therapy and immunomodulation. If there is a pathogenic bacterial infection such as Helicobacter pylori, antibiotic treatment is needed. However, it is worth noting that prolonged and repeated use of antibiotics may lead to an imbalance of intestinal flora and a significant decrease in the number of probiotics, which may affect the repair of the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, when using antibiotics, a reasonable diet is very important to improve enteritis, which can provide sufficient nutrients to improve malnutrition, choose foods that are easy to digest and absorb to reduce the digestive burden, exclude allergenic foods to avoid allergies, and replenish probiotics to restore the balance of the intestinal microorganisms. A combination of different therapeutic measures can achieve the best results.
Today's patient is a 1 year old male Puppet named Jianjian, from a young age the intestinal tract is not good, daily dilute soft stools, poor absorption.
In the first week, Entero 1 bag/day + Montelukast ½ bag/day;
in the second week start Entero 1 bag/day.
Because chronic enteritis requires long-term conditioning,
half a sachet a day from the 3rd three weeks onwards.
Before use on the third day of use one week of use half a month of use
Sprinkle directly on the cat food, palatability is good. The effect is very obvious in the first week; after about 20 days of use, the stools are completely healthy, but considering the chronic enteritis characteristics as well as the cat's own intestinal flora imbalance, Entero will be taken as a long-term nutritional product in half a bag per day.
Gastrointestinal Mucosa Repair & Helicobacter pylori Remover
It contains fucoidan, probiotics, monkey head mushroom extract and other natural ingredients, which can repair damaged intestinal mucosa, remove Helicobacter pylori, balance the intestinal flora and enhance intestinal immunity. Suitable for dogs and cats with enteritis, gastrointestinal damage, food allergies, diarrhoea and other intestinal diseases. Long-term use can also help regulate the appetite and constipation of dogs and cats. Very good palatability, directly mixed in the dog and cat food.
The natural polysaccharide extracted from marine red algae can protect the intestinal mucosa, promote the rapid repair of damaged mucosa, and remove Helicobacter pylori bacteria which is very helpful in treating intestinal problems.
Internal and external clampdown on Hp (Helicobacter pylori), so that the back of the belly: the invasion of the pyloric snail host site is the gastric mucosa, so the battlefield is the gastric mucosa, because the other side of the gastric juice, so the human immune system can only be attacked in the side of the gastric wall.
Fucoidan is an internal and external attack on H. pylori. On the gastric juice side, fucoidan directly interacts with Hp through bioaffinity adsorption to achieve the effect of inhibition and removal; on the gastric lining side, because fucoidan is able to activate immunity, the immunity on the gastric lining side rises, and Hp encounters an immune attack from the gastric lining side.
In 2015, Professor Yun-Bae Kim of Chungbuk National University in South Korea published a clinical study in the international journal LabAnimRes: fucoidan was confirmed to have the effect of removing Helicobacter pylori through in vivo experiments.
Clinical Trial Conclusion: Taking fucoidan daily for 8 weeks, the positivity rate of Helicobacter pylori decreased to only 30%.
Gastric mucosal thinning is one of the characteristics of chronic atrophic gastritis. 34 patients with chronic gastritis were divided into two groups, 16 in the test group, who took fucoidan daily (28 days), and 18 in the control group. The experimental results showed that the mucosal thickness of both the gastric sinus and the gastric body of the chronic gastritis patients was significantly enhanced after taking fucoidan, with an increase of 12.42 μm and 11.21 μm, respectively.
Clostridium butyricum can produce a variety of short-chain fatty acids (shortchainfattyacids, SCFAs), mainly butyric acid; in addition, it can also secrete and promote the proliferation and development of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract; butyric acid is the main nutrient for the regeneration and repair of the cells of the intestinal epithelial tissues; it is not affected by gastric acid, bile acids, etc.; and is highly tolerant of a variety of antibiotics. It has strong tolerance to many kinds of antibiotics.
The main metabolite of Clostridium butyricum, butyric acid, is essential for the energy metabolism and growth of intestinal epithelial cells. Butyrate can alleviate the local inflammatory response by inhibiting the signalling pathways related to inflammation, such as JAK-STAT and NF-κB; in addition, it can restore the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and maintain the intestinal barrier function by promoting the proliferation of intestinal wall cells.
The intestinal barrier essentially separates the intestinal contents from the body. It consists of a monolayer of cells (epithelial cells, sensing cells, and cells that produce enzymes and neurotransmitters). These cells are connected by tight junction (TJ) proteins.
Enterococcus faecalis
It has the function of replenishing the intestinal flora, inhibiting the growth and adhesion of pathogenic bacteria through the mechanism of competition between receptors and status, it has the ability to colonise the intestinal tract and contributes to the balance of the intestinal flora.
Lactobacillus acidophilus
is a common bacterial species found in the intestinal tract of healthy adult dogs and cats, helping to strengthen your pet's immune system and improve their digestive health, effectively improving faecal quality, reducing faecal water, increasing faecal hardness and improving gut health. Lactobacillus acidophilus is commonly used for antibiotic-induced diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and infections caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). When Lactobacillus acidophilus breaks down food in the intestines, it forms a variety of substances such as lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, creating an unfriendly environment for harmful bacteria.
ructooligosaccharides are a kind of water-soluble dietary fibre, which cannot be directly digested by the organism and can only be absorbed and utilised by the intestinal bacteria. Therefore, it has a low calorific value, which does not lead to obesity, and is friendly to animals with high blood sugar. Gum Arabic is a new generation of prebiotic fibre, which will not cause uncomfortable symptoms of gas production and bloating.
Both of them have selective proliferative effect on beneficial flora in the intestinal tract such as bifidobacteria and lactobacillus, etc. Among them, fructooligosaccharides with low molecular weight are rapidly fermented and used in distal small intestine/proximal colon, and gum arabic is compact and suitable for intermediate and distal colon.
Dosage: 5kg/bag/day, <5kg=0.5bag/day.
It can be fed directly or mixed with water, applied for 3-7 days for acute symptoms and 14-21 days for chronic symptoms.